Caesar had entrusted the defense of Illyricum to Gaius Antonius, Antony's younger brother, and Publius Cornelius Dolabella. Antyllus coin drawing.jpg 112 108; 7 KB Marcus Antonius and Antyllus.jpg 433 410; 68 KB Marcus Antonius and family.jpg 1,567 2,048; 961 KB Antyllus ( Ancient Greek: ) was a Greek surgeon, who lived in the 2nd century AD in Rome. This was done against the orders of the Senate but with the approval of Pompey, then Romes leading politician, and only after the deposed king provided a 10,000 talent bribe. By age twenty, Antony had amassed an enormous debt. Realising that she was destined for Octavian's triumph in Rome, she made several attempts to take her life and finally succeeded in mid-August. Antony was a supporter of Julius Caesar, and served as one of his generals during the conquest of Gaul and the Civil War. At the Battle of Cyrrhestica, Ventidius inflicted an overwhelming defeat against the Parthians which resulted in the death of Pacorus. Marcus Antonius "Mark Antony" father Cleopatra Selene II, Queen of Ma. Despite the provisions of Caesar's will, Antony proceeded to act as leader of the Caesarian faction, including appropriating for himself a portion of Caesar's fortune rightfully belonging to Octavian. The Consuls for the year, Gaius Claudius Marcellus Maior and Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, were firm Optimates opposed to Caesar. According to some ancient authors, Antony led a carefree life of luxury in Alexandria. One such rebel was King Antiochus of Commagene, whom he besieged in Samosata. He was also called Antyllus a nickname given to him by his father. According to Cicero, he had a homosexual relationship with Gaius Scribonius Curio. Antony, in his first months in the East, raised money, reorganized his troops, and secured the alliance of Rome's client kingdoms. Both consuls, Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Gaius Sosius, and a third of the Senate abandoned Rome to meet Antony and Cleopatra in Greece. After the alliance between his father and Octavian ended, the engagement was broken off. The legions, however, were composed of former Republican troops and Labienus convinced Orodes II to invade. Brutus committed suicide the day after the defeat and the remainder of his army swore allegiance to the Triumvirate. As many as eighteen Roman towns through Italy were affected by the confiscations of 41 BC, with entire populations driven out. Then only 19 years old and stationed with Caesar's army in Macedonia, the youth became a member of Caesar's Julian clan, changing his name to "Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus" (Octavian) in accordance with the conventions of Roman adoption. Antony's rear was protected by Rome's client kingdoms in Anatolia, Syria, and Judea, while the client kingdoms of Cappadocia, Pontus, and Commagne would provide supplies along the march. ), known in English as Mark Antony (also spelled Marc Anthony; Latin, Marcus Antonius), was a Roman politician and general. The Thirty Years War proved a turning point. Advancing south, Sosius captured the island-city of Aradus on the coast of Phoenicia by the end of 38 BC. The first of the gens to achieve prominence was Titus Antonius Merenda, one of the second group of Decemviri called, in 450 BC, to help draft what became the Law of the Twelve Tables. Pompey, however, did not order a counter-assault on Caesar's camp, allowing Caesar to retreat unhindered. His remaining siblings (Iullus Antonius, Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene II, and Ptolemy Philadelphus) were spared by Octavian and were raised by Octavia Minor (Antony's fourth wife), in Rome. Caesar's glory in conquering Gaul had served to further strain his alliance with Pompey, who, having grown jealous of his former ally, had drifted away from Caesar's democratic Populares party towards the oligarchic Optimates faction led by Cato. Antony was accused of everything, but most of all, of "going native", an unforgivable crime to the proud Romans. He may also have been involved in the Lupercal cult as he was referred to as a priest of this order later in life. Several times Antony was summoned to Rome, but remained in Alexandria with Cleopatra. Though the civil war had not ended at Pharsulus, the battle marked the pinnacle of Caesar's power and effectively ended the Republic. Octavian, now close to absolute power, did not intend to give Antony and Cleopatra any rest. Meanwhile, in Rome, the triumvirate was no more. Mark Antony, Latin Marcus Antonius, (born 83died August, 30 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Roman general under Julius Caesar and later triumvir (43-30 bce), who, with Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, was defeated by Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) in the last of the civil wars that destroyed the Roman Republic. Ratifying Octavian's extraordinary command on 1 January 43 BC, the Senate dispatched him along with Consuls Hirtius and Pansa to defeat Antony and his five legions. Though Antony desired a pitched battle, the Parthians would not engage, allowing Antony to march deep into Parthian territory by mid-August of 36 BC. No person could inherit money or property from proscribed men, nor could any woman married to a proscribed man remarry after his death. Labienus recruited many of the former Republican soldiers to the Parthian campaign in opposition to Antony. Antony was also held responsible for Sextus Pompeius' execution with no trial. According to Roman historian Eutropius, around 60 or more men participated in the assassination. The Parthians faced no opposition and proceeded to the town of Gindarus in Cyrrhestica where Ventidius's army was waiting. According to the Greek historian Plutarch, eighteen battles were fought between the retreating Romans and the Parthians during the month-long march back to Armenia, with approximately 20,000 infantry and 4,000 calvary dying during the retreat alone. Another civil war was beginning. Philotas acknowledged his good intentions, but was far from supposing that a boy so young had the power to give away so much. Before the Triumvirate could cross the Adriatic Sea into Greece where the Liberators had stationed their army, the Triumvirate had to address the threat posed by Sextus Pompey and his fleet. First used by the Dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla in 82 BC, Sulla drew up a list of his political enemies to purge Rome of opposition to his rule. Antony also agreed to accept the appointment of his rival Dolabella as his Consular colleague to replace Caesar. The gens Antonia was a Roman family of great antiquity, with both patrician and plebeian branches. Now secure on his throne, Herod would rule the Herodian Kingdom until his death in 4 BC, and would be an ever-faithful client king of Rome. Despite his marriage to Fulvia, Cleopatra bore Antony twin children, Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II, in 40 BC. Far more dangerous was the acknowledgment of Caesarion as legitimate and heir to Caesar's name. Memorability Metrics 280k Page Views (PV) 54.94 Historical Popularity Index (HPI) 18 Languages Editions (L) 4.47 Effective Languages (L*) This arrangement ensured his immunity from suit would continue, he had needed the Consulship to protect himself from prosecution by Pompey. The chief cause of his political challenges concerned debt forgiveness. Caesar presided over his own election to a second Consulship for 47 BC and then, after eleven days in office, resigned this dictatorship. This earned him the support of Caesarian sympathizers who hoped to use him as a means of eliminating Antony. fiance's daughter Iotapa of Commagene third cousin twice removed Antiochus III Epiphanes, King of. With Ptolemy XII restored as Romes client king, Gabinius garrisoned two thousand Roman soldiers, later known as the Gabiniani, in Alexandria to ensure Ptolemys authority. He was also called Antyllus, a nickname given to him by his father meaning "the Archer". Anthony, then in Egypt with Cleopatra, did not respond immediately to the Parthian invasion. During the Greek campaign, Plutarch records Antony was Caesar's top general and second to only him in reputation. A son of Mark Antony and Fulvia, he was spared by the emperor Augustus after the civil wars of the Republic, and was married to the emperor's niece. Caesar would later remark the civil war would have ended that day if Pompey had only attacked him. His nickname Antyllus means "the archer" in Greek, but there has been some speculation among historians that this name is actually a corruption of Antonillus which means "little Antonius".[1]. Lepidus wanted to storm the Capitol, but Antony preferred a peaceful solution as a majority of both the Liberators and Caesar's own supporters preferred a settlement over civil war. Pompey, though remaining in Rome, was then serving as the governor of Spain and commanded several legions. Once in Armenia, Antony quickly marched back to Syria to protect his interests there by late 36 BC, losing an additional 8,000 soldiers along the way. Approximately half of the Eastern territory was controlled by Rome's client kingdoms, nominally independent kingdoms subject to Roman direction. Mark Antony was the son and grandson of men of the same name. Despite this marriage, Antony carried on a love affair with Cleopatra, who bore him three children, further straining Antony's relations with Octavian. This was necessary to ensure they would not support a political opponent of the Triumvirate. Assigned to assist Caesar, Antony returned to Gaul and commanded Caesar's cavalry during his victory at the Battle of Alesia against the Gallic High King Vercingetorix. To secure the peace, Octavian betrothed his three-year-old nephew and Antony's stepson Marcus Claudius Marcellus to Sextus' daughter Pompeia. At the Battle of Pharsalus on 9 August 48 BC, Caesar commanded the right wing opposite Pompey while Antony commanded the left, indicating Antony's status as Caesar's top general. In addition, to justify their war of vengeance against the murderers of Caesar, on 1 January 42 BC, the Triumvirate officially deified Caesar as "The Divine Julius". Thereafter, with his son Artavasdes II in Rome as a hostage, Tigranes would rule Armenia as an ally of Rome until his death in 55 BC. Lentulus, despite exploiting his political success for financial gain, was constantly in debt due to the extravagance of his lifestyle. But the cook burst out laughing and said: "The guests are not many, only about twelve; but everything that is set before them must be at perfection, and this an instant of time reduces. Marcus Antonius Antyllus, 47 BC - 30 BC, died without issue 3. Antony then made a new proposal: Caesar would retain only two of his eight legions and the governorship of Illyrium if he was allowed to stand for the Consulship in absentia. Rome was effectively under the absolute power of these three men. After entering Rome, instead of pursuing Pompey, Caesar marched to Spain to defeat Pompeian-loyalists there. Marriage to Fadia, a daughter of a freedman. It is unclear if this was Antony's first marriage. At any rate, Philotas, the physician of Amphissa, used to tell my grandfather, Lamprias, that he was in Alexandria at the time, studying his profession, and that having got well acquainted with one of the royal cooks, he was easily persuaded by him (young man that he was) to take a view of the extravagant preparations for a royal supper. Without their fleet, Caesar lacked the necessary transport ships to cross into Greece with his seven legions. The reconciliation came soon after Antony rejected an offer by Gaius Trebonius, one of Caesar's generals, to join a conspiracy to assassinate Caesar. Prince Alexander Helios of Egypt, born 40 . In early 44 BC, Julius Caesar announced his intentions to invade Parthia and restore Roman power in the East. Meeting her in Athens, Antony rebuked Fulvia for her actions before sailing on to Italy with his army to face Octavian, laying siege to Brundisium. To see this convenient situation attacked by a child borne by the richest woman in the world was something Octavian could not accept. Marcus Antonius Antyllus (47 BC - 1 August 30 BC) was known as Marcus Antonius Minor to distinguish him from his famous father, the Roman Triumvir Marc Antony (Marcus Antonius Major). Most of Libos fleet managed to escape, but several of his troops were trapped and captured. The size of his army indicated Antony's intention to conquer Parthia, or at least receive its submission by capturing the Parthian capital of Ecbatana. His paternal half siblings were Antonia Prima (by Antonia Hybrida Minor), Antonia the Elder and Antonia the Younger (by Octavia Minor), and Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene II, and Ptolemy Philadelphus (by Cleopatra VII). After Caesar's assassination, Antony allied with Caesar's adopted son . Though Antony and Fulvia were formally married in 47 BC, Cicero suggests the two had been in a relationship since at least 58 BC. Three days later, on 10 January, Caesar crossed the Rubicon River, starting a civil war. Crassus refused, choosing instead the more direct route by crossing the Euphrates directly into desert Parthian territory. Due to the infighting within the Triumvirate during 43 BC, Brutus and Cassius had assumed control of much of Rome's eastern territories, including amassing a large army. However, the eight legions serving under Octavian, composed largely of Caesar's veterans, refused to follow one of Caesar's murderers, allowing Octavian to retain his command. [3] Between 40 - 36 BC, he lived with his father, step mother and his siblings in his father's mansion, in Athens, Greece. In the resulting first battle of Philippi, Antony defeated Cassius and captured his camp while Brutus overran Octavian's troops and penetrated into the Triumvirs' camp but was unable to capture the sick Octavian. When he found out that Cleopatra was still alive, his friends brought him to Cleopatra's monument in which she was hiding, and he died in her arms. His mother, Fulvia, died in October 40 BC, from illness, while in political exile in Sicyon, Greece. Assuming a defensive position at the plain of Pharsalus, Caesar's army prepared for pitched battle with Pompey's, which outnumbered his own two to one. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. On September 2, the naval battle of Actium took place. After a forty-day siege, the Roman soldiers stormed the city and, despite Herod's pleas for restraint, acted without mercy, pillaging and killing all in their path, prompting Herod to complain to Antony. Antony, however, was stripped of all official positions and received no appointments for the year 46 BC or 45 BC. Brutus assumed sole command of the Liberator army and preferred a war of attrition over open conflict. But his elder son, Marcus Antonius Antyllus, was killed by Octavian's men while pleading for his life in the Caesareum. Public domain Public domain false false: The resulting instability, especially among Caesar's veterans who would have benefited from the law, forced Caesar to return to Italy by October 47 BC. Caesar's influence secured greater political advancement for Antony. In addition to the political consequences of eliminating opposition, the proscription also restored the State Treasury, which had been depleted by Caesar's civil war the decade before. According to the Roman orator Marcus Tullius Cicero, Antony's father was incompetent and corrupt, and was only given power because he was incapable of using or abusing it effectively. Marriage to first paternal cousin Antonia Hybrida Minor. Antony again remained in Rome while Caesar, in 45 BC, sailed to Spain to defeat the final opposition to his rule. Following the scandal with Dolabella, Antony had divorced his second wife and quickly married Fulvia. On 17 March, at Antony's arrangement, the Senate met to discuss a compromise, which, due to the presence of Caesar's veterans in the city, was quickly reached. Octavian had Caesarion murdered, but he spared Antony's children by Cleopatra, who were paraded through the streets of Rome. Away in the East and embarrassed by Fulvia's actions, Antony gave no instructions to his legions. Then, at the instigation of Lepidus, Octavian went to Cisalpine Gaul to meet Antony. In the return, a mock Roman Triumph was celebrated in the streets of Alexandria. Despite a temporary alienation later in life, Antony and Caesar developed friendly relations which would continue until Caesar's assassination in 44 BC. In October 41, Antony requested Rome's chief eastern vassal, the queen of Ptolemaic Egypt Cleopatra, meet him at Tarsus in Cilicia. According to the historian Plutarch, he spent his teenage years wandering through Rome with his brothers and friends gambling, drinking, and becoming involved in scandalous love affairs. Soon after assuming office together, the Lupercalia festival was held on 15 February 44 BC. Octavian kept the money, but dismissed Antyllus and returned him to his father. Marcus Antonius Antyllus was a son of the Roman Triumvir Marc Antony. He married Livia and started to attack Antony in order to raise himself to power. The East was in need of reorganization after the rule of the Liberators in the previous years. [66] Under the pretext of not being able to guarantee their safety, Antony relieved Brutus and Cassius of their judicial duties in Rome and instead assigned them responsibility for procuring wheat for Rome from Sicily and Asia. Caesar's funeral was held on 20 March. Arriving in the East in spring 39 BC, Ventidius surprised Labienus near the Taurus Mountains, claiming victory at the Cilician Gates. Seeing the expediency of removing Dolabella from Rome, Caesar ultimately pardoned him for his role in the riots and took him as one of his generals in his campaigns against the remaining Optimates resistance. Antony, who recognized that Antigonus would remain a permanent threat to Herod, ordered him beheaded in Antioch. When his brother, Rome's client king Hyrcanus II, refused to accept Parthian domination, he was deposed in favor of Antigonus as Parthia's client king in Judea. The Parthian threat to the Triumvirate's rule was urgent due to the fact that the Parthians supported the Liberators in the recent civil war, which aid included the supply troops at Philippi. To seal the Treaty, Antony's elder son Marcus Antonius Antyllus, then only 6 years old, was betrothed to Octavian's only daughter Julia, then only an infant. The rise of the Parthian Empire in the 3rd century BC and Rome's expansion into the Eastern Mediterranean during the 2nd century BC brought the two powers into direct contact, causing centuries of tumultuous and strained relations. In 32 BC, the Senate deprived him of his powers and declared war against Cleopatra not Antony, because Octavian had no wish to advertise his role in perpetuating Rome's internecine bloodshed. Despite his three children by Cleopatra, Marc Antony designated Antyllus as his official heir, a requirement under Roman law and a designation that probably . According to the ancient historian Cassius Dio, Fulvia was the most powerful woman in Rome at the time. In the following years, Octavian, who was known as Augustus after 27 BC, managed to accumulate in his person all administrative, political, and military offices. Anarchy resulted, causing the Senate to look to Pompey. Marcus Antonius Antyllus (47 BC 23 August 30 BC) was a son of the Roman Triumvir Marc Antony. In addition to significant financial resources, Cleopatra's backing of his Parthian campaign allowed Antony to amass the largest army Rome had ever assembled in the East. Additionally, tens of thousands of veterans who had fought for the Republican cause in the war also required land grants. Despite the Parthian Empire's invasion of Rome's eastern territories, Fulvia's civil war forced Antony to leave the East and return to Rome in order to secure his position. Antony reunited with Caesar at Narbo in 45 BC with full reconciliation coming in 44 BC when Antony was elected Consul alongside Caesar. Iullus married Octavia's daughter and Octavian's niece Claudia Marcella Major and they had a son Lucius Antonius and possibly a daughter Iulla Antonia. Antony also began an affair with Glaphyra, the widow of Archelaus the Elder. In either case, his situation as ruler of Rome would be weakened. During his absence, several of his supporters held key positions at Rome to protect his interests there. The peace with Sextus was short lived, however. Clodia Pulchra, also known as Claudia (born 57 BC/56 BC) was the daughter of Fulvia by her first husband Publius Clodius Pulcher. Can you list the top facts and stats about Marcus Antonius Antyllus? The city of Tyre remained the last major Roman outpost in the region. He could either denounce the Liberatores as murderers and alienate the Senate or he could maintain his support for the compromise and risk betraying the legacy of Caesar, strengthening Octavian's position. Surrounded by Cleopatra and her children, Antony ended his alliance with Octavian. Antony then spent the winter of 41 BC in Alexandria with Cleopatra, leaving only two legions to defend the Syrian border against Parthian incursions. Antony was then elected as one of the ten People's Tribunes for 49 BC. Pompey's forces, however, defeated them and assumed control of the Adriatic Sea along with it. From his stronghold on Sicily, he continued his piracy activities across Italy and blocking the shipment of grain to Rome. - August 1, 30 B.C.E. However, when Octavian returned to the city with his army, the pair was forced to retreat to Perusia in Etruria. He was also called Antyllus, a nickname given to him by his father meaning "the Archer". This caused Sextus to lose many valuable allies as the formerly exiled Senators gradually aligned themselves with either Octavian or Antony. In the turmoil surrounding the assassination, Antony escaped Rome dressed as a slave, fearing Caesar's death would be the start of a bloodbath among his supporters. Cicero Minor also made a decree that no member of the Antonii would ever bear the name Marcus again. He was also promised a future position with the Priestly College of Augurs and the Consulship for 35 BC. In 42 BC, the Roman East was composed of a few directly controlled provinces. In the days that followed, Antony's son Marcus Antonius Antyllus and Cleopatra's son Ptolemy XV Caesar (also known as Caesarion, "Little Caesar"), were both murdered by Roman forces, and . Though King Deiotarus of Galatia supported Brutus and Cassius following Caesar's assassination, Antony allowed him to retain his position. They had spent the previous months plundering Greek cities to swell their war-chest and had gathered in Thrace with the Roman legions from the Eastern provinces and levies from Rome's client kingdoms. The battles of Philippi ended the civil war in favor of the Caesarian faction. Caesar used his governorship as a launching point for his conquest of free Gaul. Octavian continued to recruit Caesar's veterans to his side, away from Antony, with two of Antony's legions defecting in November 44 BC. Overall, the Roman army had achieved a complete victory with Ventidius' three successive victories forcing the Parthians back across the Euphrates. Sometime between 54 and 30 BC, the union produced a single daughter, Antonia Prima. From his base in Sicily, Sextus raided the Italian coast and blockaded the Triumvirs. Antony opposed the law for political and personal reasons: he believed Caesar would not support such massive relief and suspected Dolabella had seduced his wife Antonia Hybrida Minor. Ptolemy was of Greek and Roman heritage. By summer 44 BC, Antony was in a difficult position due to his actions regarding his compromise with the Liberatores following Caesar's assassination. Antony, however, realized Octavian had no intention of sending him the additional legions he had promised under the Treaty of Tarentum. He was also called Antyllus, a nickname given to him by his father meaning "the Archer". [136] However, the most important provision of the Treaty was the end of the proscription the Trimumvirate had begun in late 43 BC. Caesar had enacted a number of constitutional reforms which centralized effectively all political powers within his own hands. The event presented a powerful message: a diadem was a symbol of a king. Octavian arrived in Rome in May to claim his inheritance. Son of Roman Triumvir Marc Antony (4730 BC), Learn how and when to remove this template message, http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Antony*.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Antonius_Antyllus&oldid=1158007434, Articles lacking in-text citations from August 2017, Pages using infobox person with multiple parents, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 June 2023, at 11:17. English: Marcus Antonius Antyllus on a coin drawing. [1] He lived in the same era as Galen, and as Galen was dominant figure . When Antony died, Octavian became uncontested ruler of Rome. To finalize their alliance, Octavian married Antony's step-daughter Clodia Pulchra. In 31 BC, the war started. Though only lasting two months and far less bloody than that of Sulla, the episode traumatized Roman society. As ruler of the East, Antony also assumed responsibility for overseeing Caesar's planned invasion of Parthia to avenge the defeat of Marcus Licinius Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC. Summarize this article for a 10 years old. Though the blockade was defeated, control of Sicily remained in Sextus's hand, but the defeat of the Liberators was the Triumvirate's first priority. According to Cicero, Fadia bore Antony several children. [100] Through her influence, Antony installed her son Archelaus the Younger as Rome's client king of Cappadocia in 36 BC after he executed Ariarathes X of Cappadocia for disloyalty. In return, Caesar was assigned the governorship of Illyricum, Cisalpine Gaul, and Transalpine Gaul for five years beginning in 58 BC. Marcus Antonius Antyllus (47 BC 23 August 30 BC) was a son of the Roman Triumvir Marc Antony. After 36 BC, he accompanied his father as they left Greece and lived his remaining years in Alexandria, Egypt in the court of Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt. The lives of . Caesar's actions further strengthened Roman control over the already Roman-dominated kingdom. Pacorus' death threw the Parthian Empire into chaos. The conspirators, who styled themselves the Liberatores ("The Liberators"), had barricaded themselves on the Capitoline Hill for their own safety. The Triumvirs defeated Caesar's murderers, the Liberatores, at the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, and divided the government of the Republic between themselves. Marcus Antonius (Latin: MANTONIVSMFMN) (c. January 14, 83 B.C.E. As the mother-in-law of Octavian and the wife of Antony, no actions was taken by the Senate without her support. Relations among the Triumvirs were strained as the various members sought greater political power. Influence over the buffer state of the Kingdom of Armenia, located to the east Roman Syria in and north-western Mesopotamia, was often a central issue in the Roman-Parthian conflict. Octavian ordered his execution on the same day as that of Caesarion. Before marching against Brutus and Cassius in the East, the Triumvirs decided to eliminate their enemies in Rome. 7 related objects. However, take my advice and exchange them all with us for money; since perchance the boy's father might miss some of the vessels, which are of ancient workmanship and highly valued for their art." Octavian's loyal and talented general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa captured the Greek city and naval port of Methone, loyal to Antony. When Augustus died in AD 14, his political powers passed to his adopted son Tiberius; the Roman Principate had begun. During the campaign in Egypt, Antony first met Cleopatra, the 14-year-old daughter of Ptolemy XII. Marcus Antonius, commonly known in English as Mark Antony (January 14, 83 BC - August 1, 30 BC), was a Roman politician and general. Antony arrived shortly and positioned his army on the south of the via Egnatia, while Octavian put his legions north of the road. This tale, then, Philotas used to tell; and he said also that as time went on he became one of the medical attendants of Antony's oldest son, whom he had of Fulvia, and that he usually supped with him at his house in company with the rest of his comrades, when the young man did not sup with his father. With Antony defeated, the Senate, hoping to eliminate Octavian and the remainder of the Caesarian party, assigned command of the Republic's legions to Decimus. Though he left Alexandria for Tyre in early 40 BC, when he learned of the civil war between his wife and Octavian, he was forced to return to Italy with his army to secure his position in Rome rather than defeat the Pathians. Accordingly, on one occasion, as a physician was making too bold and giving much annoyance to them as they supped, Philotas stopped his mouth with some such sophism as the: "To the patient who is somewhat feverish cold water must be given; but everyone who has a fever is somewhat feverish; therefore to everyone who has a fever cold water should be given." In 27 BC, he was granted the title of Augustus, marking the final stage in the transformation of the Roman Republic into an empire, with himself as the first Roman emperor. Years later, Octavian and Agrippa defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, making Octavian the . Lepidus was expelled from the association in 36 BC, and in 33 BC disagreements between Antony and Octavian caused a split between the remaining Triumvirs. Despite his three childre Lepdius was then reduced to holding only Africa, and he assumed a clearly tertiary role in the Triumvirate. Antony dispatched Publius Canidius Crassus to Armenia, receiving Artavasdes II's surrender without opposition. Pacorus' conquest had capture much of the Syrian and Palestinian interior, with much of the Phoenician coast occupied as well. Antony's daughters by Octavia were spared, as was his son, Iullus Antonius. sister Ptolemy Philadelphus brother Princess of Commagene Iotapa, Pr. 78 BCE (around) He granted pardons to all Roman nobles living in the East who had supported the Republican cause, except for Caesar's assassins. Remaining in Cisalpine Gaul, Octavian dispatched emissaries to Rome in July 43 BC demanding he be appointed Consul to replace Hirtius and Pansa and that the decree declaring Antony a public enemy be rescinded. Birth of Cleopatra Selene II, Queen of Mauretania, "Marco Antonio el Triunviro. Son of Roman Triumvir Marc Antony (4730 BC). Because of his health, Octavian remained in camp while his lieutenants assumed a position on the left flank opposite Brutus. Additionally, the two legions they commanded defected to Pompey. Marcus Antonius Antyllus (47 BC 23 August 30 BC) was a son of the Roman Triumvir Marc Antony. When Antony's governor of Gaul died, Octavian took over his legions there, further strengthening his control over the West. To avoid being killed, a number of outlaws fled to either Sextus Pompey in Sicily or to the Liberators in the East. The political atmosphere of Rome at the time of the festival was deeply divided. Caesar's political rivals feared these reforms were his attempts at transforming the Republic into an open monarchy. This compromise was a great success for Antony, who managed to simultaneously appease Caesar's veterans, reconcile the Senate majority, and appear to the Liberatores as their partner and protector. Though he was an ardent Caesarian, Lepdius had maintained friendly relations with the Senate and with Sextus Pompey. With the assassination of the Parthian Shah Orodes II by his son Phraates IV, who then seized the Parthian throne, in late 38 BC, Antony prepared to invade Parthia himself. Hoping to escape his creditors, Antony fled to Greece in 58 BC, where he studied philosophy and rhetoric at Athens. 80 BCE (around) Marc's brother, Gaius Antonius was born to Marcus Antonius Creticus and Julia Antonia. This pressure forced the Triumvirs to meet with Sextus in early 39 BC. In particular, the offices assigned to both Brutus and Cassius by Caesar were likewise ratified. Wherefore," he said, "not one, but many suppers are arranged; for the precise time is hard to hit." Marcus Antonius primary name: Antonius, Marcus other name: Marcus Antonius Antyllus other name: Marcus Antonius minor Details individual; Roman; Male. In it, Caesar posthumously adopted his great-nephew Gaius Octavius and named him his principal heir. Although Theodorus denied the theft, Octavian tried him, found him guilty, and ordered his crucifixion. The final days of Rome's once glorious general Marcus Antonius and Egypt's last queen, Cleopatra VII, are legendary: after his defeat at Actium, Antonius rushed back to Alexandria. Years earlier in 63 BC, the Roman general Pompey had captured him and his father, King Aristobulus II, during his war against the remnant of the Seleucid Empire. Ventidius feared Antony's wrath if he invaded Parthian territory, and thereby steal his glory, so he instead attacked and subdue the eastern kingdoms which had revolted against Rome following Rome's defeat at Carrhae. He was also called Antyllus, a nickname given to him by his father meaning "the Archer". Tensions escalated into open war, however, when Octavian divorced Clodia Pulchra, Fulvia's daughter from her first husband Publius Clodius Pulcher. Sextus Pompey, son of Caesar's old rival Pompey Magnus, was given command of the Republic's fleet from his base in Sicily while Brutus and Cassius were granted the governorships of Macedonia and Syria respectively. In 57 BC, Antony joined the military staff of Aulus Gabinius, the Proconsul of Syria, as chief of the cavalry. Both consuls were killed, however, leaving Octavian in sole command of their armies, some eight legions. Such a force was twice the size of Marcus Licinius Crassus's army from his failed Parthian invasion of 53 BC and three times those of Lucius Licinius Lucullus and Lucius Cornelius Sulla during the Mithridatic Wars. Octavian's position improved, as he received Spain, which was taken from Lepidus. Her youngest child, Iullus Antonius, was spared by Octavian and raised from 40 BC by Octavia Minor. Antony had lost the support of many Romans and supporters of Caesar when he opposed the motion to elevate Caesar to divine status. Cicero is the only Roman source that mentions Antonys first wife. ", "Marcus /Antonius/", "Of Rome", "Marcus Antonius", "Mark Antony", Roman politician and General, Triumvir of Rome Lieutenant of Csar, N Rome vers 83 AVJC dans une famille patricienne, apparent par sa mre Jules Csar, Triumvir, General, , hrfrer i Rom, Ruler of Rome, Emperor, Triumvir of Rome, Romeins p, The Bosporan Kingdom along the northern coast of the Black Sea, Galatia, Pontus, Cappadocia, Armenia, and several smaller kingdoms in Asia Minor, Judea, Commagene, and the Nabataean Kingdom in the Middle East. Museum number . Like Sulla's proscription before it, the Triumvirate's proscription produced deadly results: one third of the Senate and two thousand Roman knights were killed. With Publius Ventidius Bassus returned to Rome in triumph for his defensive campaign against the Parthians, Antony appointed Gaius Sosius as the new governor of Syria and Cilicia in early 38 BC. Assassination of Caesar The Ides of March. While Caesar was away in Egypt, Antony remained in Rome to govern Italy and restore order.] Meanwhile, Antony recovered his position by joining forces with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, who had been assigned the governorship of Transalpine Gaul and Nearer Spain. He distributed kingdoms among his children: Alexander Helios was named king of Armenia, Media and Parthia (territories which were not for the most part under the control of Rome), his twin Selene got Cyrenaica and Libya, and the young Ptolemy Philadelphus was awarded Syria and Cilicia. With Antony dead, Octavian was the undisputed master of the Roman world. As Consul the previous year alongside Antony's mentor Publius Clodius Pulcher, Gabinius had exiled Cicero. Having neither troops, money, nor popular support, the Liberatores were forced to accept Antony's proposal. The victory at Philippi left the members of the Triumvirate as masters of the Republic, save Sextus Pompey in Sicily. Led by Fulvia, the wife of Antony, the Senators grew hostile towards Octavian over the issue of the land confiscations. Octavian choose the former. [99] Archelaus had served as the high priest and ruler of the temple state of Comana in Cappadocia. The joint Parthian-Roman force, after initial success in Syria, separated to lead their offensive in two directions: Pacorus marched south toward Hasmonean Judea while Labienus crossed the Taurus Mountains to the north into Cilicia. He then met a Parthian army at the border between Cilicia and Syria, defeating it and killing a large portion of the Parthian soldiers at the Amanus Pass. While the distribution of nations among Cleopatra's children was hardly a conciliatory gesture, it did not pose an immediate threat to Octavian's political position. Any man whose name appeared on the list was stripped of his citizenship and excluded from all protection under the law. Despite Rome's internal turmoil during the time, the Parthians did not immediately benefit from the power vacuum in the East due to Orodes II's reluctance despite Labienus' urgings to the contrary. after the capture of Alexandria. Under the Treaty of Tarentum, Antony provided a large naval force for Octavian's use against Sextus while Octavian promised to raise new legions for Antony to support his invasion of Parthia. Brutus put his camp on the north while Cassius occupied the south of the via Egnatia. By the lex Pedia, all of the conspirators and Sextus Pompey were convicted in absentia and declared public enemies. Furthermore, reward money was given to anyone who gave information leading to the death of a proscribed man, and any person who killed a proscribed man was entitled to keep part of his property, with the remainder going to the state. In addition, Rome contended with Parthian Empire for dominance of the Near East. Without reinforcements, Lucius and Fulvia were forced to surrender in February 40 BC. Not so long after the deaths of his father and stepmother, Antyllus' tutor Theodorus betrayed him to Octavian. This provoked a pitched battle on 3 October 42 BC. Nothing is known about Fadia or their children. Over fifty thousand Romans died in the two battles. The Triumvirate would have to conquer the rest of Rome's holdings, whilst the Eastern Mediterranean remained in the hands of Brutus and Cassius and control of the Mediterranean islands rested with Sextus Pompey. A proclaimed philhellene ("Friend of all things Greek"), Antony supported Greek culture to win the loyalty of the inhabitants of the Greek East. Accordingly, he was introduced into the kitchen, and when he saw all the other provisions in great abundance, and eight wild boars a-roasting, he expressed his amazement at what must be the number of guests. However, the engagement did not result in marriage because a civil war erupted. Iullus Antonius (43-2 BC) [1] was a Roman magnate and poet. He described the types of aneurysms, and created a taxonomy related to the lesions' potential for rupture. The union produced two children: Marcus Antonius Antyllus (b. His proposal was well received by most of the senators but the Consuls and Cato vehemently opposed it. The Second Triumvirate Forming the Alliance. Clodius secured Antony a position on Caesar's military staff in 54 BC, joining his conquest of Gaul. 47) and Iullus Antonius (b. Labienus conquered southern Anatolia with little resistance. Fulvia also attempted to delay the land settlements until Antony returned to Rome, so that he could share credit for the settlements. Shortly after the compromise was reached, as a sign of good faith, Brutus, against the advice of Cassius and Cicero, agreed Caesar would be given a public funeral and his will would be validated. Artavasdes II offered Crassus the aid of nearly forty thousand troops to assist his Parthian expedition on the condition that Crassus invade through Armenia as the safer route. With Libo gone, Antony joined Caesar in Greece by March 48 BC. The following year, in 55 BC, Gabinius intervened in the political affairs of Ptolemaic Egypt. Caesar's rapid advance surprised Pompey, who, along with the other chief members of the Optimates, fled Italy for Greece. He was an important supporter of Gaius Julius Caesar as a military commander and administrator. (approximately 100,000 regular infantry plus supporting cavalry and irregular auxiliary units), leaving Rome under the administration of Lepidus. Ventidius, in order to gain time, leaked disinformation to Pacorus implying that he should cross the Euphrates River at their usual ford. Rule over Italy remained undivided, but Octavian was assigned the difficult and unpopular task of demobilizing their veterans and providing them with land distributions in Italy. With peace in the West secured, Antony planned to retaliate against Parthia by invading their territory. After the defeat at Battle of Actium, Octavian invaded Egypt in 30 BC. Gunzenhausen suffered tremendously during this long war. Antony's handling of the affair with Dolabella caused a cooling of his relationship with Caesar. In 95 BC, Parthian Shah Mithridates II, installed Tigranes the Great as Parthian's client-king over Armenia. After Caesar's assassination, Cleopatra and Caesarion returned to Egypt, where she named the child as her co-ruler. In the spring of 38 BC, the Parthians resumed their offensive with Pacorus leading an army across the Euphrates. We're Related to Royalty and Famous People, Herod & the Hasmoneans in the time of the biblical Jesus, Cleopatra VII Philopator, Pharaoh of Egypt. Herod, however, fearing that Antigonus would win backing in Rome, bribed Antony to execute Antigonus. A group of Senators resolved to kill Caesar to prevent him from seizing the throne. While the Triumvirs commanded a larger number of infantry, the Liberators commanded a larger cavalry contingent. Ptolemy Philadelphus (Greek: , "Ptolemy the brother-loving", August/September 36 BC - 29 BC) was a Ptolemaic prince and was the youngest child of Greek Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Roman Triumvir Mark Antony. According to Plutarch and Suetonius, Antyllus was the only child of Mark Antony to be executed by Octavian. Pacorus did not trust this information and decided to cross the river much farther downstream; this was what Ventidius hoped would occur and gave him time to get his forces ready. Outraged, Fulvia, supported by Lucius, raised an army to fight for Antony's rights against Octavian. When this did not occur, he soon returned to Rome. By mid-May, Octavian began secret negotiations to form an alliance with Antony to provide a united Caesarian party against the Liberators. While Octavian wanted an end to the ongoing blockade of Italy, Anthony sought peace in the West in order to make the Triumvirate's legions available for his service in his planned campaign against the Parthians. After returning victorious from North Africa, Caesar was appointed Dictator for ten years and brought Cleopatra and their son to Rome. During his early military service, Antony married his cousin Antonia Hybrida Minor, the daughter of Gaius Antonius Hybrida. Octavia Part of the reconciliation between Antony and Octavian (following the mutiny) was the marriage between Antony and Octavian 's sister Octavia. To do so, they employed a legalized form of mass murder: proscription. Her son Marcus Antonius Antyllus was executed by Octavian in Alexandria, Egypt in 30 BC. Pompey ordered armed soldiers into the city to restore order and to eliminate the remnants of Clodius' gang. The Romans hoped to use Herod as a bulwark against the Parthians in the coming campaign. He demanded heavy taxes from the Hellenic cities in return for his pro-Greek culture policies, but exempted those cities which had remained loyal to Caesar during the his civil war and compensated those cities which had suffered under Caesar's assassins, including Rhodes, Lycian, and Tarsus. The feud between Caesar and Pompey erupted into open confrontation by early 49 BC. Surrounding himself with a bodyguard of over six thousand of Caesar's veterans, Antony presented himself as Caesar's true successor, largely ignoring Octavian. Antony (in Egypt) divorced Octavia and accused Octavian of being a social upstart, of usurping power, and of forging the adoption papers by Caesar. Caesar's assassins would be pardoned of their crimes and, in return, all of Caesar's actions would be ratified. While Antony and the other Triumvirs ratified the Treaty of Brundisium to redivide the Roman world among themselves, the rebel general Sextus Pompey, the son of Caesar's rival Pompey the Great, was largely ignored. Supporting the Senatorial faction against Antony, Octavian, in September 44 BC, encouraged the leading Senator Marcus Tullius Cicero to attack Antony in a series of speeches portraying him as a threat to the Republican order. coin. Caesar's Master of the Horse Marcus Aemilius Lepidus marched over 6,000 troops into Rome on 16 March to restore order and to act as the bodyguards of the Caesarian faction. For the finale, the whole city was summoned to hear a very important political statement. With the defeat of the Liberators, only Sextus Pompey and his fleet remained to challenge the Triumvirate's control over the Republic. In this position, Antony could protect Caesar from his political enemies by vetoing any actions unfavorable to his patron. Instead of immediately pursuing Pompey and the remaining Optimates, Caesar returned to Rome and was appointed Dictator with Antony as his Master of the Horse and second in command. Antony joined Caesar at the western Balkan Peninsula and besieged Pompey's larger army at Dyrrhachium. In addition, they divided amongst themselves military command of the Republic's armies and provinces: Antony received Gaul, Lepidus Spain, and Octavian (as the junior partner) Africa. However, a group of senators intercepted Caesar just as he was passing the Theater of Pompey, where the Senate was temporarily meeting, and directed him towards the meeting before Antony could reach him. Upon returning to Rome, the Triumvirate repartioned rule of Rome's provinces between themselves, with Antony as the clear senior partner. Without Caesar to guide him, however, Antony quickly faced political difficulties and proved himself unpopular. Antyllus was born and raised in Rome. With the Triumvirate renewed in 38 BC, Antony returned to Athens in the winter with his new wife Octavia, the sister of Octavian. Antony's early life was characterized by a lack of proper parental guidance. Labienus, the Republican ally of Brutus and Cassius, accompanied him to advise him and to rally the former Republican soldiers stationed in Syria to the Parthian cause. The rise of Caesar and the subsequent civil war between his two most powerful adherents effectively ended the credibility of the Roman oligarchy as a governing power and ensured that all future power struggles would centre upon which one individual would achieve supreme control of the government, eliminating the Senate and the former magisterial structure as important foci of power in these conflicts. This new delay caused Antony to quarrel with Octavian, forcing Octavia to mediate a truce between them. Antony was appointed administrator of Italy while Caesar eliminated political opponents in Greece, North Africa, and Spain. The Senate further declared Caesar a traitor and a public enemy if he did not immediately disband his army. With the Treaty signed, Antony returned to the East, leaving Octavia in Italy. To supplement his own armies, Antony instead looked to Rome's principal vassal in the East: his lover Cleopatra. Antony had first met a young Cleopatra while campaigning in Egypt in 55 BC and again in 48 BC when Caesar had backed her as queen of Egypt over the claims of her half-sister Arsinoe. And when Philotas protested and was afraid to take them, "You miserable man," said the fellow, "why hesitate? In 60 BC, a secret agreement (known as the "First Triumvirate") was entered into between three men to control the Republic: Marcus Licinius Crassus, Gnaeus Pompey Magnus, and Gaius Julius Caesar. Caesar then sailed to Egypt, where he deposed Ptolemy XIII in favor of his sister Cleopatra in 47 BC. Life Early life The Republicans directed Quintus Labienus to attract the Parthians to their side in the resulting war against Antony and Octavian. Many of the proscribed Senators, rather than face death, fled to Sicily seeking Sextus' protection. There, Canidius forced the Iberian King Pharnavaz II into an alliance against Zober, king of neighboring Albania, subduing the kingdom and reducing it to a Roman protectorate. Most important of all, Caesarion was declared legitimate son and heir of Caesar. According to the ancient historian Appian, Fulvia's chief reason for the war was her jealousy of Antony's affairs with Cleopatra in Egypt and desire to draw Antony back to Rome. After the Republicans were defeated at the Battle of Philippi, Labienus joined the Parthians. 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